With ongoing demonstrations happening in over 30 counties across Kenya as the youth protest increased taxation by President William Ruto, police have been sent to quell the demonstrators. One of the ways they use to disperse protesters is through the use of tear gas.
As with all non-lethal or less-lethal weapons, there is a risk of serious permanent injury or death when tear gas is used. This includes risks from being hit by tear gas cartridges that may cause severe bruising, loss of eyesight, or skull fracture, resulting in immediate death.
Understanding how to manage the effects of tear gas can make a significant difference in coping with its impact.
Understanding Tear Gas
Tear gas is a chemical weapon commonly used for crowd control. It is composed of compounds like chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS gas) and chloroacetophenone (CN gas).
These chemicals cause severe irritation to the eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
Immediate Reactions to Tear Gas Exposure
When exposed to tear gas, the symptoms are immediate and intense. You may experience coughing, choking, and a burning sensation in your eyes and on your skin. It’s crucial to act quickly to minimize these effects.
Effects of Tear Gas on the Respiratory System
Tear gas can cause significant respiratory distress. Common symptoms include persistent coughing, choking, and shortness of breath.
In some cases, prolonged exposure can lead to long-term respiratory issues.
Effects of Tear Gas on the Eyes
The eyes are particularly vulnerable to tear gas. Exposure can cause stinging, burning sensations, redness, tearing, and temporary blindness.
Immediate rinsing with water or saline solution can help alleviate these symptoms.
Effects of Tear Gas on the Skin
The skin reacts to tear gas with burning, itching, blistering, and rashes. Prolonged exposure can lead to increased skin sensitivity and discomfort.

Immediate Actions to Mitigate Tear Gas Effects
To reduce the impact of tear gas, evacuate the area immediately.
Avoid rubbing your eyes and skin as this can worsen the irritation. Remove and discard contaminated clothing to prevent further exposure.
Effective Remedies for Tear Gas Exposure
Rinse your eyes and skin with plenty of water as soon as possible. Saline solutions are highly effective for eye relief. Some people find that cold milk or antacid solutions (like Maalox) can also soothe eye irritation.
Homemade Solutions for Tear Gas Relief
If you don’t have commercial solutions on hand, you can make your own. A DIY saline solution can be made using a teaspoon of salt in a cup of water. A mixture of baking soda and water can help neutralize the chemicals on your skin. An apple cider vinegar solution can also provide some relief.
The usage of toothpaste is however not advisable as not only does it not work but it can make the irritation worse. The toothpaste forms a sticky surface that allows the teargas chemicals to more easily adhere to the skin.
Medical Treatments for Severe Reactions
In cases of severe reactions, it’s important to seek professional medical help. Doctors can prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms and provide long-term care if needed.
Protective Measures Against Tear Gas
Wearing protective masks and goggles can significantly reduce exposure to tear gas. Scarves and bandanas can also be used to cover your mouth and nose, while protective clothing can help shield your skin.
Psychological Impact of Tear Gas Exposure
Tear gas exposure can also have a psychological impact, causing anxiety and fear. It’s important to develop coping strategies and seek support from friends, family, or mental health professionals if needed.
Community Support and Solidarity
Community support is crucial during protests. Organize first aid stations and educate others on how to manage tear gas exposure.
Solidarity can help mitigate the effects and provide much-needed assistance.
Legal and Advocacy Actions
Understanding your rights is essential when participating in protests. Document incidents of tear gas use for potential legal action and advocate for policy changes to limit the use of such chemical agents.
Managing tear gas effects requires quick action and proper remedies. By understanding the immediate steps to take, effective home remedies, and long-term care, you can better protect yourself and support others during these challenging times.